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JSON Developer Reference

Your complete guide to JSON syntax, JSONPath queries, and data exploration

What is JSON?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight, human-readable data interchange format. It is language-independent and widely used for APIs, configuration files, and data storage. JSON supports two primary structures:

  • Objects - Unordered collections of key-value pairs enclosed in curly braces {}
  • Arrays - Ordered lists of values enclosed in square brackets []

JSONPath Query Reference

JSONPath is a query language for JSON, similar to XPath for XML. Use these expressions to navigate and extract data from JSON documents:

Expression Description Example
$ Root object/element $ → entire document
.property Child property $.store.book
[n] Array index (0-based) $.users[0] → first user
[*] All elements in array $.users[*].name → all names
[start:end] Array slice $.items[0:5] → first 5 items
.. Recursive descent $..price → all prices
[?(@.condition)] Filter expression $..book[?(@.price<10)]

Sample JSON Structures

JSON REST API POST Body

{
  "id": 12345,
  "name": "Jane Smith",
  "email": "jane@example.com",
  "roles": ["admin", "editor"],
  "profile": {
    "avatar": "https://...",
    "bio": "Software Engineer"
  },
  "active": true
}

API Response

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "items": [
      {"id": 1, "name": "Item A"},
      {"id": 2, "name": "Item B"}
    ],
    "total": 2,
    "page": 1
  },
  "timestamp": "2026-03-15T00:00:00Z"
}

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JSONPath Examples

Given the sample JSON below, here are practical JSONPath query examples and their results:

SAMPLE DATA
{
  "store": {
    "name": "TechMart",
    "books": [
      {"title": "JSON Guide", "price": 19.99, "inStock": true},
      {"title": "API Design", "price": 29.99, "inStock": false},
      {"title": "Data Patterns", "price": 24.99, "inStock": true}
    ],
    "location": {"city": "Austin", "zip": "78701"}
  }
}
JSONPath Query Result
$.store.name "TechMart"
$.store.books[0] {"title": "JSON Guide", "price": 19.99, ...}
$.store.books[*].title ["JSON Guide", "API Design", "Data Patterns"]
$.store.books[-1] {"title": "Data Patterns", ...} (last item)
$.store.books[0:2] [first 2 books]
$..price [19.99, 29.99, 24.99] (all prices)
$.store.books[?(@.inStock==true)] [books where inStock is true]
$.store.books[?(@.price<25)] [books under $25]
$.store.location.* ["Austin", "78701"]